Nguồn sơ cấp

• Zosimus, Historia Nova, Book 6 Historia Nova
• Orosius, Historiae adversum Paganos, 7.40

Nguồn thứ cấp

• Birley, Anthony (2005), The Roman Government in Britain, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-925237-4
• Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin, John Robert Martindale, John Morris, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, volume 2, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-521-20159-4
• 3 Elton, Hugh, "Constans III (409-411 A.D.)", D.I.R.
• Canduci, Alexander (2010), Triumph & Tragedy: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Immortal Emperors, Pier 9, ISBN 978-1-74196-598-8
• Bury, J. B., A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene, Vol. I (1889)
• Gibbon, Edward, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1888)